15th World Conference on Human Genomics and Genomic Medicine

  The process of lead optimization concludes in the discovery of a preclinical candidate. The most promising hit series move to the lead optimization stage of drug discovery after being discovered through hit-to-lead efforts. Lead optimization aims to improve the efficacy, reduce toxicity, and boost absorption of the most promising compounds. As researchers try to include the best therapeutic properties early in the process, many lead discovery technologies overlap with lead optimization. The lead optimization phase leads in a candidate drug that can be either a small molecule or a biological product once the properties of the optimised lead molecule have been evaluated using all available in vitro tests and in vivo models. The identified lead molecules are utilised as a starting point for comprehensive chemical modification to improve target specificity and selectivity, as well as their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, while keeping the lead compounds' positive features. M

  Making environmental modifications makes it easy to do the right thing without having to worry about staying motivated. You may set yourself up to adopt healthier habits if you set up your circumstances so that choosing the best decisions comes naturally. We frequently believe that change originates from inside. First and primarily, humans have a strong need for protection and security, and they seek such qualities in their surroundings. Physical wellbeing, such as a comfortable temperature, is equally important to us. Moreover, we desire a psychologically comfortable setting, such as one that is familiar yet offers just the appropriate amount of stimulation. Perhaps most significantly for our health, the environment can create or relieve stress, which has a variety of effects on our bodies. This is due to the continual interaction between our brain and our neurological, endocrine, and immunological systems. Human actions are responsible for many of the most easily known causes of

  Identical twins, also called as monozygotic twins, are created when a single egg and sperm pair separates a few days after fertilization . Because their DNA comes from a single source, their genetic composition is same, and their genetically determined qualities will be similar. Except in exceptionally rare situations of chromosomal defects, monozygotic twins are invariably of the same gender. Fraternal, or dizygotic, multiples, on the other hand, occur when two different eggs are fertilised by two separate sperm in a single ovulation cycle . They share around half of their specific genes in a unique combination of genes from both parents, much like any other sibling group. The stereotype about identical twins is that they have been identical in every way: they appear alike, dress alike, and have comparable likes and dislikes. Parents with identical twins, on the other hand, know much better. Despite their genetic similarity, identical multiples are separate group. They have a lot

  Artificial chromosomes  are DNA molecules with a known structure that are manufactured in vitro from specified ingredients that exhibit natural chromosome-like features. Artificial chromosomes were initially developed in budding yeast and have already been used in a large variety of yeast genetics applications. Vectors based on the human artificial chromosome (HAC) provide a potential technology for transferring and producing full-length human genes of any size. Bacteriophage constraints such as restricted cloning capacity, lack of copy number control, and insertional mutagenesis induced by integration into host chromosomes are all addressed by HACs. Transgene silencing has been linked to the random integration of traditional gene delivery vectors like as viruses, plasmids, P1 phage-derived artificial chromosomes, bacterial artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes. Additionally, integrated viral sequences can cause cancer by activating oncogenes at the insertion sit